Cultivating Culturally Responsive Leaders Essay Example for Free

Cultivating Cultur altogethery Responsive Leaders EssayThe purpose of this mull over is to tally train administrators aw ar and familiar with the challenges and obstacles ELL students encounter. With such a growing population of ELL students, teachers atomic number 18 having to become to a greater extent and more aw argon of affirmational strategies. Teachers are flat being held accountcapable more than ever for their students performance and need to make convinced(predicate) every student makes learning get throughs.With South Floridas increasing ELL population teachers are fight to get these students, whose first language is not English, to speak, remove, and indite proficiently in English before they hold up the FCAT or by the end of the year to be able to show learning gains. This case playing area will take place at Winston flummoxting surface K-8 School. Winston Park is located in a suburban, middle to lower class multiethnic community in the southwesterly section of Miami-Dade County. The student population is composed of eighty-six percentage Hispanics, nine percent white, one percent black, and four percent former(a).Sixty percent of the students are eligible for free and reduced lunch, 46% are ELL, six percent are SWD, and four percent are gifted students. Average daily attending is 98%. There is a total of 96 instructional staff members. Ninety-one percent of the instructional staff is high gearly qualified. Twenty-six percent of teachers have received advanced degrees. Parental involvement is high and growing. The student interviewed is an eight-year-old third grade student. Gabriela came from Cuba in March of 2012. Gabriela and her family came from Cuba in search of freedom and a burst life.Gabriela came to the United States with her father and mother. Gabriela states that they lived in a poor neighborhood and struggled to get the little food that they did to put on the table. After shoal Gabriela would go to officiate w ith her mom at a farm to hook fruits, vegetables, and even milk cows. Gabriela has showed great growth in the one year that she has been in the Miami-Dade County Public school system. Although Gabriela has attended Winston Park from the beginning of this school year, this is the second school shes attended in the territorial dominion since arriving from Cuba.Gabrielas mom informed that she was very unhappy at her previous school but that now Gabriela loved waking up in the morning to attend school. Even though both of her parents work they are very involved in her studies and will stop at nothing to make sure Gabriela gets a good education. Gabriela is not your average recently arrived ELL student. In the short time she has been here, Gabriela has learned to con, write and comprehend English just as well, if not at times better than many of her non-ELL classmates. Gabriela has make Honor Roll every nine-week grading period and was even referred to be tested for the gifted program .In this case resume we will answer how do ELLs, their parents, teachers, and other stakeholder understand ELLs academic experiences in school and how can administrators work be informed by a case study that focuses on ELLs and their experiences in Florida schools. Literature Review In reviewing literature based on paired nurture and articulateness increase, I found several sources that supported my hypothesis that coupling low (ESOL) and high (Non-ESOL) students during reading is an effective intervention. These findings are particularly significant to those educators who are seeking ways to help students with reading fluency difficulty. construe fluency is important for comprehension. When students read efficiently and accurately, so they can comprehend what they read more intimately. In main(a) grades, students learn to read but in upper elementary grades students read to learn. What is fluency? According to the issue Reading Panel (2000), fluency is the ability to read textbook loudly with speed, accuracy, and proper expression (Armbruster, Lehr, Osborn, 2001 Meyer Felton, 1991 Rasinkski, 2003). fluent contributors can recognize the majority of the words they read automatically without having to decode individual words they are ble to dedicate their attention to the ultimate goal of reading comprehension. Fluency is the bridge between word credit rating and reading comprehension (Kuhn Stahl, 2000 Nathan Stanovich, 1991 Rasinksi Padak, 2004). While studies have not determined the ideal number of times unavoidable to achieve reading fluency, researchers say the more times the better. A typical reader needs to read a passage four times to reach maximum fluency levels (National Reading Panel, 2000). Beginning readers and struggling older readers tend to read slowly, haltingly, and with little or no expression.Often as a result, text comprehension is affected, confidence levels are low, and they do not enjoy reading. Therefore, fluency is and s hould be a radical goal of literacy instruction. The oral reading fluency norms for grades 1-5 are 1st 53-111, 2nd 89-142, 3rd 107-162, 4th 123-180, and fifth 139-194 (Hasbrouck Tindal, 2006). While conducting my research, I found different types of reading interventions that can help increase an ESOL students fluency Choral Reading, Duet Reading, Audio-Recorded Books, Echo Reading, and mated Reading (Hudson et al. , 2005 The Partnership for Reading, 2001).In choral reading, a sort of students read aloud from the same selection. The teacher can read along to set the railway yard and model targeted skills. Students can rectify their fluency skills, including appropriate pausing and expression, by reading along with a group of readers or with a strong reader as a partner (Hudson, 2005). In duet reading, a stronger reader is paired with a less-fluent reader. The stronger reader sets the pace and provides visual tracking by moving his or her finger below each word as it is read in unison. In audio-recorded books, the student reads aloud with an audio-recorded version of a book.The purpose is to encourage the weaker reader to read along with the tape. In echo reading, the grownup reads a short passage and then invites the child to Say what I say or simulate me, encouraging the child to repeat what the adult has read (Robertson Davig, 2002). In this way, the adult models fluent reading and then provides the child with an opportunity for immediate practice. In paired reading, children who are struggling with reading fluency are paired up with a more capable reader. In this strategy, the fluent reader and reader take turns reading by lines or pages (Mathes, Fuchs, Fuchs, Henley, Sanders, 1994).In evaluating the different types of reading interventions, I found that paired reading is the most commonly used to increase fluency. According to the report of The National Reading Panel (2000), direct repeated oral reading is the most effective procedure for developi ng reading fluency (Kuhn Stahl, 2000 Rasinski Hoffman, 2003). Paired reading was originally developed as a strategy for parents and children reading at home, but it is easily adapted for classroom use in intervention lessons (Morgan Lyon, 1979 Topping, 1989).Paired reading requires the reading partners to read aloud. Reading aloud to elementary school students can have many beneficial effects it improves their language skills, motivates them to read on their own, makes students familiar with books, and expands vocabulary (Saban, 1994). Research indicates that repeated paired reading leads not only to improving in reading the passage but also improvement in decoding, reading rate, expression, and comprehension of passages that the reader has not previously seen (Dowhower, 1994 Kuhn Stahl, 2000 National Reading Panel, 2000).Rasinski and Fredericks (1991) reported on a paired reading bug out launched by the Akron, Ohio Public School System the results of the project suggest that paired reading also helped improve reading performance but in addition helps improve reading motivation and child bonding. Studies on paired reading showed that students of all ages can make extraordinary reading gains. In one study of paired reading over a period of six to ten weeks, students made a gain of at least six months in reading (Limbrick, McNaughton, Cameron, 1985).In another study, students made an average of ternion months gain for every month of paired reading. The less proficient readers were not the only ones who benefited the student who served as the tutor also made substantial gains in their reading abilities (Topping, 1989). In summation, the characteristics of the paired reading instruction (positive one-to-one collaboration between skilled and less-skilled readers, reader engagement, practice, evidence of progress, and reader expression) support my hypothesis that pairing a low and high student during reading is an effective intervention for fluency increase. It may enhance rapid turnaround in reader proficiency for less-skilled readers. Furthermore this finding is particularly significant to those educators who are seeking ways to help students with reading fluency difficulty. Method Three people participated in this study Gabriela, an eight-year old student in third grade and an ESOL level one, her mom and the teacher, Mrs. Sanz. Everyone has given full swallow and agreed to interview with us and give us randomness on Gabriela and their culture. Every person interviewed was cooperative and helpful throughout the interview.The teacher was a crucial part to our interview since she is the one who works forthwith with Gabriela on a daily basis and can best describes her strengths and weaknesses. During the interview, we asked Mrs. Sanz to please provide us with information and entropy about Gabriela. We explained to her teacher and mother that all of Gabrielas information would be kept hidden and that her name would be changed for pr ivacy purposes. Some of the data we collected was from the SAT (Stanford Achievement Test), FAIR (Florida assessment in Instruction and Reading), and the CELLA (Comprehensive English Language Learning Assessment).While the teacher pulled out useful pieces of data she gave us a synopses of how Gabriela is in class and how she is getting along with all the other students. Mrs. Sanz feels shes a bright young girl (probably gifted) with lots of potential. She is self-directive and puts forth maximum effort. Mrs. Sanz also told us Gabriela enjoys helping the other students in class. Mrs. Sanz feels this may be due to the high level of importance her parents have instilled in her regarding school. Sandra, Brenda and Mrs.Sanz all discussed and analyzed the data and we identified all her strong areas as well as a some minor weak areas. Sandra Ramallo and Brenda Gomez conducted the study. Sandra and Brenda were both present at all interviews and had the opportunity to talk to each intervie wee. Since the study was conducted by both Sandra and Brenda the work load was distributed amongst each other. Brenda worked on the introduction, method, findings, and consent forms. Sandra worked on the literature review, discussion, and the organisation of the interview.

George Washington Plunkitt Essay Example for Free

George Washington Plunkitt EssayIn the late nineteenth century, battle lines of distaste and resentment were drawn between the new immigrant discipline and the current American citizens. In New York City, the Nativists and the Irish Catholic community clashed on opposing sides of the line. The majority of Irish Catholic immigrants were uneducated, unskilled, and terra incognita to the industrial city life of the new world. Their mass numbers filled up the citys slums, poor houses, and prisons. With whole aversion from New York Nativists, the Irish immigrant community was initially obstructed from attaining governmental support. This debar in representation of such a massive percentage of New Yorks population allowed for the issuance and great success of Tamm some(prenominal) Hall leaders like George Washington Plunkitt. George Washington Plunkitt, born in 1842, grew up surrounded by this new immigrant Irish-Catholic community. He identified with the citys immigrant poor and working class the resented New York Irish were Plunkitts community. Although Plunkitt used his political position for his own benefit, his position as a political leader was useful for his community.Plunkitts nepotistic imprints, while controversial, proved to benefit his community. He had a strong belief in the spoils system and stood for rewarding the men that won the victory (12). He could not know the existence of a party system that did not place its own workers in absentices (13). He aboveboard discussed the impossibilities of keeping an organization together without patronage (36). In response to an accusation of Tam musical compositiony Halls patronage, Plunkitt expressed his belief that there is no one more in need, better fit, or more anxious to mete out the city than Tammany workers (51).Although this outlook gave Plunkitt a controversial quid pro quo attitude towards government affairs, his community benefitted from this location. This arrangement allowed Plunkitt to provide jobs to his supporters who might have otherwise suffered unemployment. A majority of Plunkitts supporters were uneducated and unskilled migrants who were principally fe atomic number 18d and disapproved of. Plunkitt meanwhile knew every big employer in his district and in the whole city and do a point to keep track of the jobs (27).These connections enabled Plunkitt to provide jobs for the men he considered deservin (27). To him, a deserving man is any man with a vote for Tammany Hall. Not only did Plunkitt provide jobs to his constituents but he also provided basic support and a form of insurance for the poorer families in his district. If a family in his district was in need, he was able to fix them up until they were on their own feet again (27). He proclaimed no Tammany man goes hungry in my district (36).Plunkitt made it unmistakably clear though, that while it was a philanthropy he was offering, it was only in the name of political relation. For example, after describing the support he offered to families burdened by the devastation of a fire, he selfishly asked himself how many votes one fire could bring him (37). Although Plunkitt was never without a self-interest motive, he was in a unique position having the ability to be a provider for families in need. At the time, there was no government welfare system established.Instead, the poor and those in need could rely on the welfare offered by Plunkitt his community benefitted from his ability to take care of them. Plunkitts own benefits from government are obscured and, in some way, vindicated because of the support he provided for his community. Plunkitt made a fortune in politics but in return succeeded in getting big improvements for New York City (28). If Plunkitt had not made his pile in politics, the social net he controlled would have collapsed.The community would have been worse off if he had not reaped the benefits from government and used his own funds to provide assistance to t he poor. Plunkitt was in no way a philanthropist but in becoming a nepotistic and selfish government ex officio who used politics for his own advantage, he became useful to his community. Plunkitt saw a vote in everyone, no matter his or her status. He had the ability to be several sorts of a man in a single day (45).He could talk grammar with the wealthy but also connect with the common community of his district (45). He kept is constituents close and would do them a good turn whenever he had a chance (46). Plunkitts adaptable personality and mercantile approach towards politics made him valuable to his community. With his status and fortune, he supported his community and provided government representation for the new Irish immigrant class. He was a provider of jobs and a provider of welfare in return for a vote.

Principles of Microeconomics Essay Example for Free

Principles of Microeconomics Essay1) If average movie tag prices rise by about 5 percent and attendance falls by about 2 percent, other things being equal, the elasticity of require for movie tickets is aboutB. 0.42) A basic variance surrounded by microeconomics and macroeconomics is that microeconomicsC. examines the choices made by individual participants in an economy, while macroeconomics considers the economys overall performance3) An economist who is studying the race surrounded by the money supply, interest rates, and the rate of inflation is engaged in B. macroeconomic research4) afterward several years of slow economic growth, world withdraw for petroleum began to rise rapidly in the 1990s. Much of the development in demand was met by special supplies from sources outside the Organization of Petroleum trade Countries (OPEC). OPEC, during this time, was unable to restrain output among members in its effort to lift oil prices. What best describes these events?C . The rise in demand shifted the demand for oil to the right. As price rose, the quantity of oil supplied rose.5) Price elasticity of demand is theD. percentage win over in quantity demanded of a good divided by the percentage change in the price of that good6) The distinction between supply and the quantity supplied is best made by saying thatB. supply is represented graphically by a curve and the quantity supplied as a point on that curve associated with a particular price7) When labor is the variable input, the average harvest-tide equals theD. quantity of output divided by the number of workers8) The increase in output obtained by hiring an additional worker is known asB. the peripheral product9) Which of the following is the best example of a semipermanent decision?A. An automobile manufacturing company is considering whether or not to invest in robotic equipment to develop a more(prenominal) comprise-effective production technique.10) Other things being equal, when avera ge productivity falls,D. average variable cost essential rise11) According to economist Colin Camerer of the California Institute of Technology, many New York appraisei drivers decide when to come to an end work by setting an income goal for themselves. If this is true, then on busy days when the effective periodic wage is higher, taxi drivers willB. work fewer hours than they will on slower days12) A libertines demand for labor is derived from theD. demand for its output13) Owen runs a delivery business and currently employs three drivers. He owns three vans that employees use to make deliveries, but he is considering hiring a quaternary driver. If he hires a ordinal driver, he can schedule breaks and lunch hours so all three vans are in continuous use, allowing him to increase deliveries per day from 60 to 75. This will cost an additional $75 per day to hire the fourth driver. The marginal cost per delivery of increasing output beyond 60 deliveries per dayB. is $514) eval uate economic profit per unit is equal toC. the difference between pass judgment average price and expected average total cost15) If a firm in a utterly competitive commercialise experiences a technological breakthrough,B. other firms would find out about it immediately16) A significant difference between monopoly and perfect competition is thatC. the monopolists demand curve is the industry demand curve, while the competitive firms demand curve is perfectly elastic17) A monopoly firm is different from a competitive firm in thatC. a monopolist can influence market price while a competitive firm cannot18) The difference between a perfectly competitive firm and a monopolistically competitive firm is that a monopolistically competitive firm faces aD. downward-sloping demand curve and price exceeds marginal cost in equilibrium19) As long as marginal cost is below marginal revenue, a perfectly competitive firm shouldA. increase production20) Because a monopolistic competitor has some monopoly power, advertising to increase that monopoly power makes sense as long as the marginalC. benefit of advertising exceeds the marginal cost of advertising21) In the Flint Hills area of Kansas, proposals to build wind turbines to generate electricity put one across face environmentalist against environmentalist. Members of the Kansas Sierra Club support the turbines as a way to humble fossil provoke usage, while local chapters of the Nature Conservancy say they will befoul the landscape. The Sierra Club argues that wind turbinesB. reduce negative externalities elsewhere in the economy22) When negative externalities are present, market failure often occurs becauseA. the marginal external cost resulting from the activity is not reflected in the market price23) A union between a textile mill and a enclothe manufacturing company would be considered aB. vertical merger24) A merger between a baby food company and a life insurance company would be considered aC. conglomerate m erger25) The fact that U.S. managers salaries are substantially greater than those of parallel managers in Japan may be related toA. an increase in the demand for CEOs26) Suppose the great unwashed freely choose to spend 40 percent of their income on health care, but the government decides to tax 40 percent of a persons income to provide the alike level of coverage as before. What can be said about deadweight loss in each case?A. Taxing income results in deadweight loss, while purchase health care on ones own does not result in deadweight loss.27) The U.S. textile industry is relatively small because the US imports most of its clothing. A clear result of the importation of clothing isD. the price of clothing is lower than it would be without imports28) Countries can expect to gain from international trade as long as theyB. specialize according to their comparative advantage29) Which of the following is an example of the law of one price?D. Because their countries have similar in stitutions, the price paid for a computer in Germany and the United States are about the same when converted into the same currency.30) From the point of view of consumer and producer surplus, what problem may be created when a agricultural subsidizes the cost of energy to consumers to help alleviate the burden of higher energy costs?C. It encourages the consumption of to a fault much fuel at the expense of othergoods.

Master Budgeting with Supporting Schedule Essay Example for Free

Master Budgeting with Supporting Schedule EssayCravat Sales Company, a comprehensive distributor of a designers silk ties with an exclusive franchise on the distribution of the ties, and gross revenue construct grown rapidly over the last few years. Your have been given responsibility for totally formulation and budgeting.Your assignment is to prep be a master budget for the next 3 months, starting April 1st. You are noisome to make a favorable impression on the president and have assembled the information below.The company desires a minimum closing curtain funds equilibrise each month of ,000. The ties are sold to retailers for $8 each. fresh and forecasted sales in units are as followsThe large buildup in sales before and during June is due to initiates Day. Ending inventories are supposed to equal 90% of the next months sales in units. The ties cost the company $5 each.Purchases are paid for as follows50% in the month of purchase, and the remaining 50% in the follo wing monthAll sales are on credit, with no discount, and payable at heart 15 days, however, only 25% of a months sales are put in by month-end. An additional 50% is collected in the following month, and the remaining 25% is collected in the second month following sale. Bad debts have been negligible.The companys monthly sell and administrative expenses are given belowVariable monthly expensesSales commissions (per unit)$1.00Fixed monthly expenses earnings and salaries$22,000.00Utilities$14,000.00Insurance$1,200.00Depreciation$1,500.00Miscellaneous$3,000.00All selling and administrative expenses are paid during the month, in silver, with the censure of depreciation and insurance expired. Land will be purchased during May for $25,000 cash.The company declares dividends of $12,000 each quarter, payable in the first month of the following quarter.The companys balance sheet at March 31 is given belowThe company has an agreement with a bank that allows it to follow in increments of $1,000 at the arising of each month, up to a total loan balance of $40,000. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month, and for simplicity, we will assume that interest is not compounded. At the end of the quarter, the company would pay the bank all of the accumulated interest on the loan and as much of the loan as possible (in increments of $1,000), speckle still retaining at least $10,000 in cash.AssignmentsPrepare a master budget for the three-month period ending June 30, including* sales budget by month and in total* agenda of expected cash collections from sales, by month and in total* merchandise purchases budget in units and in dollars, by month and in total* schedule of expected cash disbursements for merchandise purchases, by month and in total* cash budget by month and in total* budgeted income statement for the three-month period ending June 30, with the contribution overture* budgeted balance sheet as of June 30SolutionsBased on the sale forecast from April to J uly and the expected cash collection portions in each month (25% 50% 25%) , a sales budget ,a schedule of expected cash collections from sales, a merchandise purchases budget and schedule of expected cash disbursements were calculated and displayed in Table 1.Table 1 Cravat Sales CompanyExpected sales, cash collections, and cash disbursements for merchandise purchases building block USDThe Cravat Sales Company was expected to spend $195,750, $256,250, and $251,250 in cash for purchasing of merchandises in April, May, and June respectively. Totally, it would spend $703,250 within the 2nd quarter.In the first attempt to forecast the cash funding, we found that the company could not borrow less than $40,000 per month as agreed with the bank while maintaining the minimum ending cash balance of $10,000 at the same time. If comply only the borrowing limit, it would keep marginal cash of $2,250 in pass by end of April and suffer severe cash shortage of $37,000 by the end of May.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Behavior Therapy EssayWhat is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)? CBT works by changing peoples attitudes and their behavior. It focuses on the thoughts, images, beliefs and attitudes that we hold (our cognitive processes) and how this relates to the way we behave and deal with our emotional problems. question has shown that cognitive behavioral therapy is legal in treating anxiety disorders as well as terror disorders and tendernessy phobias. The cognitive component helps change the thinking patterns that keep one from overcoming their fears. For example, a person with a panic disorder might be helped in seeing that his or her attacks are not really heart attacks as believed. The tendency to interpret physical symptoms as the worst case scenario can buoy be overcome. Also, individual exhibiting symptoms of a social phobia could be taught how to overcome the belief that others are continually judging him or her.The behavioral therapy component pays close attention to the relationship between our problem, our behavior and our thoughts. CBT can be effective therapy for the following problems anger management, anxiety and panic attacks, depression, drug and alcohol problems, and post-traumatic stress disorder. These are just a few of the many problems that can be successfully treated with CBT.Studies have shown that having just twelve sessions of CBT can be as helpful in treating depression as taking medication throughout a two year follow-up period. Of course, CBT is quite complex and is not a miracle cure. Being treated by a counselor with specific CBT expertise is recommended. The client must also be persistent and open-minded. The CBT orgasm has recently been used in many pre-packaged, brand name programs such as, Reasoning and Rehabilitation, Aggression shift Therapy, Thinking for Change, and others (Preventing Future Crime with CBT).In some instances, medication can be accompanied with mental hygiene for best results in treatment. This is important to give any treatment a fair trial. If one lift doesnt work, chances are, another one will. Be persistent and dont give up whole works CitedPreventing Future Crime with Cognitive Behavior Therapy (http//www.all-about-psychology.com/cognitive-behavior-therapy.html)

Korean Wave Being South Korea’s Economic Growth Booster Essay Example for Free

Korean ruffle Being southeastward Koreas Economic Growth Booster Es takeKorean Wave is the growing aspiration to know more about southwesterly Korean culture. South Korea itself is an export-orientated country with a total trade volume of 884.2 billion in 2010, which makes South Korea the 7th largest exporter and 10th largest importer in the world. The cultural sector is the second bragging(a)gest contributor later technological sector to the South Koreas economic growth. The goods produced by the cultural sector argon brought by the Korean Wave not only to the Asian but also to the American and Western markets. Korean Wave does give big contribution to South Koreans economy through movies, step to the fore music, tourism, and traditional arts.When we think of Korean Wave, we should mainly think of Korean drama and film industries. For example, the Korean totter took an extra boost with the drink downular TV dramas like Winter Sonata and Jewel Palace. For film, we can coach Old Boy and Bin Jip as examples, which were extremely popular, even in Europe. The fact that importing a Korean dramas is a lot cheaper than having to purchase it from any other country can be a reason as well as the emotionally powerful plots they have.Besides Korean movies, Korean pop music also deserves a place on the list of exported Korean culture. K- seltzer or Korean Pop is a musical genre originating in South Korea consisting of pop, dance, electropop, hip hop, rock, RB, and electronic music. Lets say Super Junior, 2NE1, SNSD, Wonder Girls, Big Bang, 2PM, JYP, IU, and many more, who does not know them? In 2011, these groups and singers have donated 35 million rupiah to South Koreas GDP. These idols have a big impact on their fans culture, including food, fashion, make-up trends, and even ductile cognitive operation. Leading talent agencies such as S.M. Entertainment Co. and YG Entertainment said recent concerts held by Korean entertainers in the United States and E urope have shown the potential for growth in markets outside of Asia. Korean big business is trying to transform those fans into consumers of Korean products and services.Korean Wave is exposing the beauty attracts that both of their celebrities and the places used by their popular movies have. The positionings of the Korean movies took place has become a main destination for tourists. These tourists ar mostly the fans who atomic number 18 willing to collect all their savings and travel to Korea just to see the place where their favorite snapshot in their movie took place, or even to watch their idols on a live show. The filming location of Full House in Shido Island, Jewel in the Palace in Daejanggeum Theme Park, Winter Sonata in Nami Island, and so on. Another tourism spots that people aim to visit in Korea are Locks of spot in Namsan Tower, a historic pagoda-style gateway Namdaemun, and another shopping places like Myeong-dong shopping area and Busan market. South Korea is a lso well-known as a hot spot for medical tourism, the country is expanding its one and only(a)-stop plastic surgery centers to deal with the influx of foreigners flying in for surgical procedures. The governments goal is to attract one million foreign patients by 2020. Thus, interest in flying to Korea is rising, so is the national income.There are also some Korean traditional arts that interest foreigners to visit Korea. They are like Hanok, Jeongjae, Buchaechum, Nongok, and Taepyeongmu. Hanok is Korean traditional house, whereas Jeongjae , Buchaechum, Nongok, and Taepyeongmu are Korean tradional dances. And dont forget the Korean ceramics and Korean pottery, that most of them are went to JapanThe road to Korean Wave is trodden everyday by new visitors who are warmly welcomed by Korean people and fascinated by the culture. The drive to know more about Korea stimulates Korean Wave to develop into more sophisticated cultural forms, which in turn, brings Korean Wave to a higher level . With this Korean Wave showing the advanced condition of South Korea itself, another countries awareness to invest in South Korea increases.

Chinese Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Chinese Philosophy EssayHuman being is by nature a dynamic being, whose tendency to shoot is manifest in history, archeology and early(a) discip deciphers that invite put man development and progress in focus in the course of evolution and so does the nightspot / community in which he resides. Heraclitus, an antediluvian Greek philosopher, once stated As they step into the same rivers, different and still different amnionic fluid flow upon them (qtd. in Snooks 1). In line with this saying, we may say that change is something that is part of nature. Many of the executeivities of communities potty address, embrace or resist change. In order to manage the various incidents and conditions that are experienced by man and his society, various instruments and posers are devised. In the case of the Chinese society, a number of philosophical standpoints were highly-developed in a bid to confront the ch solelyenges facing chinaware. This paper endeavors to examine Confucianism, Daoism, Mohism and Legalism as the instruments put in place by the Chinese in response to the wars that mainland China was experiencing, especi eithery in regard to perish in a society.Confucianism Confucianism puts quality on the ability of the human being to achieve, through self intr overted cognitive operationes, a state of inner concordance and moral uprightness, which can elevate the individual from the stables of a public someone to a alarming person. Confucias (541 479 BCE) was Chinas first moral philosopher who linked moral sort to traditional roles and hierarchies. He linked the Zhou order that was deteriorating and believed that all should understand and accept their role in the society.This brass of thought is good in so far as it has faith in the human being as being loose of managing his own fortune, and being able to change for the better. Confucianism gives an individual extremity of the society a chance to take responsibility for creating and defen ding harmony in the society, by having it entrenched in the individual countenance that recognizes nobility as a state that can be achieved by an individual, without anybody being able to gain it through ascription or inheritance and this is non closely attached to the example of political power per se (Barry et al. 24)In China where many communities were vying for political dominance, Confucianism offered a window for the recurrence of order through self cultivation, oriented toward achieving a noble state, in spite of the persons genial extraction. This, as a philosophy that sought to bring harmony in the warring Chinese society, worked toward the establishment of personal moral uprightness, which in turn would affect the way people related to genius an early(a), especially in their relation to leading.If the society regarded nobility highly, therefore the noble people, having cultivated themselves trenchantly would find their wreak in the society to steer clear of war, or to effectively lead the people in better battle campaigns against their adversaries. If on the other cash in ones chips, the Chinese society was to transform itself into a nation of noble people agree to Confucian principles, then everybody would maintain the intermission, because people would look at each other with more humility and pleasingness.The Confucian noble is thus, one who is able to provide leadership without genuinely rule or ruling. Confucianism can also be seen as a direct response to insensitive leadership during the war period, and thus, a system to try and impress the virtue of good leadership amongst the rulers of the era (86). This was do in such a way that it did not flagellumen as very much, the social structures prevalent then, because the Confucian recognition of the social hierarchies, and insistence on the citizenry to uphold respect for the superiors.Of course, war is a period when it matters to positively receive instruction and commands fr om the superiors. Daoism While Confucianism promotes the practice of self improvement in line with the argument based on natural evolution of the human species, Daoism on the other hand places all human effort in the search for knowledge and purposeful transformation in the realm of vanity. Daoists valued the governments not to override their lives and were interested in the spiritual aspect of human existence. The temptation to dismiss this rail of thought prima facie is quite high.This is due to the natural orientation of man to take responsibility of his destiny and the natural tendency to seek a better life, to marvel at nature and to try to exercise it so as to satisfy personal desires. In that respect, one would expect that a working economy has to emphasize mans rationality and his wants and essentials, as the central pillars of his push toward creating his own history and having principle over his environment. On the other hand, Daoism offers a situation where, as a co untry at war, the Chinese had an opportunity to re-examine their value systems and act accordingly.The Daoist concept of being in harmony with nature and not struggling to bring about change could be looked at as a peace strategy. This is because wars are naturally fanned by human desire to achieve something that humans feel is of ultimate grandness to them. Wars also spring out of humans questioning of things and hence inventions of valuable things (which they desire so much). humanness would also like to either wrest from people who wouldnt like them to possess the valuable items, or fervently protect the items from the people who would covet them.The need for man to change, to improve on things and to fetch an influence over his environment is a tendency that puts man in contention with the Daoist principle. If people followed Daoism, then they wouldnt engage in a lot of questioning, which would bring about the escalation or perpetuation of the war. Their social relationships w ould be smooth, for all of them would be in harmony with nature, which would naturally take its course and not support of war. Daoist leadership would therefore be a laid back kind of leadership, with nature victorious care of itself.The kind of transformation to come out of the society would therefore be premised on the Daoist fact that nature is capable of transforming itself, and man doesnt gestate to take steps to interfere with occurrence of so farts. This however, would be criticized on the premise that change is something to be managed by the human being, by use of his intellect. Daoism as a leadership happen upon would be an aloof kind of leadership, and during the war period, something deliberate had to be done, the solutions to the problems then were not exclusively remaining to fall from heaven.To best illustrate this, Barry calls Daoists those who wandered off (48) Legalism This school of thought argued that strong government depended upon effective institutional structures not just the moral quality of the leaders. This could be described as the application of integrity for the benefit of the majority. Legalism thus becomes a system of reinforcing stimulus, with an emphasis on both positive and negative reinforcement meted out to the members of the society in order to discourage veritable socially undesirable behavior according to the majority of people paying allegiance to the society in question (Ebrey Buckley 23).According to legalism school of thought, society is shaped through its pay off system, with socially unacceptable behavior being punished for, with blessings from the social framework that awards certain individuals the power to dish out these rewards, without necessarily being seen to deny one or infract upon their rights. This may help galvanize a society or community, which go forth in turn have a more prominent sense of identity and solidarity. Such a stand in a war situation is good for the purpose of gaining victor y over the enemy.Legalism is quite an saint system for saving the society together in the spirit of a common enemy. This also gives the ruler the chance to act with speed, since legalism is a system that is responsive to the clock changing with circumstances and accordingly responding to the dictates of the time. War times need an atmosphere where there is quick action and response, and with the foundation that gives legality to what the rulers are deciding on behalf of their subjects.Legalism was therefore, an ideal philosophical grounding for individual Chinese communities during the time of war, for it is a system that can well distribute the expedients of war. This comes in the light of the fact that the Chinese had developed government structures bequeath to them by the Chin dynasty, and which lasted for more than two centuries (Barry et al. 145). The structures brought about by the Chin dynasty were important in the realization of the dictates of the legalistic system, wh ich was organized around reward and punishment, and had to have a basis in the common will of the people.Thus, there had to be a person vested with the power to mete out punishment to errant members of the society, while at the same time hand down rewards to those who performed and behaved in accordance with the needs and aspirations of the society. This person also derived mandate from the same common will that requires the people to obey and take reward, both positive and negative, with understanding since it is for the common good that this is done. It can be argued that legalism is something close to Confucianism, because it comes out of mans free will.It is a product of social engineering, with a go out to bringing about an ideal society something totally distanced from Daoism, which emphasizes the need to let life just flow, without taking any action to influence ones environment. Mohism This is a system of universal brotherhood, where everyone on the face of the earth is rel ated to each other, with an obligation to look after ones kin (Ebrey Buckley 35). taken from this very standpoint, this is a perfect doctrine for humanity at any one time, and in this case, for China during the warring times.This is because, as we have noted above, human conflict springs out of disparitys. These differences, when not solved amicably, lead to war. The inclination to keep some things away from others and to take what is owned by others is a perfect expression for war. If, in the light of Mohism, all of humanity was to lay a claim on brotherhood, and maintain that doctrine of being each others keeper, then the incidence of war would be remote. This is because brotherhood entails harmony and amity.It also presupposes the ability to communicate with each other without necessarily taking to arms. Mohists might not have been comprehensive in their brotherhood matrix. Even though all men are supposed to be brothers, the Mohists view of the world is quite hierarchal, wi th the junior members of the society bearing a social responsibility to be subservient to those who are perceived to be on an elevated social platform. This is a system that would have borne fruit if only the small people accepted it.If however, the common people are not good-natured to this arrangement, then Mohism would be just but another plank of wood in the fire, for they would revolt as a response to this flawed brotherhood arrangement. From a different perspective, Mohism could be taken to be the react to the perceived social injustices prevalent in China then. Much as one could be the others brother, this system sought to cultivate an environment where an individual, after striving for, and accumulating enough superior residues would rise a higher status and would lead people.War needs strong willed people, since it carries a lot in scathe of collateral damage, both in terms of human life and material possessions. War time also needs utmost sacrifice, so that as brothers , some members of the society do not just sit back and wait for the other people to work out way-through for them. If one is in a lower position, then he has to be obedient and provide for that one who is up. In this way, Mohism comes out as a system that influenced the social set up such that it recognized the need to love each other, and to be ready to stand by each other while at the same time, not losing the individual.If they were to be juxtaposed, Mohism and Confucianism would relate up to a certain extent. One would easily say that in terms of hierarchy, both Confucianism and Mohism teach about the society in light of inequalities and the need for these to be maintained through proper social decorum. Confucius goes deeper to analyze, at a finer level, the social relations and how they should be handled for the sake of peace and tranquility. Mohists may differ on some of these because of the pedant stand they regard the social hierarchies and how they observe and maintain them .However, it provides a framework for the legitimization of rulership, for a ruler is someone who occupies a place in a hierarchical set up. Legitimacy of a ruler springs out of the acceptance the ruler enjoys from the society. War times need strong leaders who derive legitimacy from their people. In times of war too, a ruler could chew the fat himself on the people, but for as long as he serves to protect them or unite them against the enemy, then his legitimacy may not be much of a problem, since it is in the peoples name that the ruler reigns.This solidarity is best achieved by communities that recognize hierarchy as a natural phenomenon in life, and which Mohists and Confucians upheld in their thought. Conclusion In conclusion, based on personal point of view, the various ideological developments in China which brought about the four schools of thought which have been examined in this paper are a response to certain conditions in the society at the time of their emergence, and that these are mechanism that were crafted so as to manage change.The difference only lies in the points that were stressed. Mohism, for instance, is a system that was conservative to a certain extent, reacting to the possibility of occurrence of a development that could challenge the existing hierarchical status quo. At the same time, it endeavored to foster change in the way people regarded one another, with the small people (the serfs and commoners) fully recognizing and venerating their lords.Confucianism on the other hand, much as it strove for change on the individual level which would later on seep into the entire social fabric of the Chinese, was also a fairly conservative system. Just like Mohism, it posed no threat to the existing powers. It was a system that would be used to bring the people together in times of war, for this was not a time for people to start questioning their authorities. By defending the hierarchical system existent then, the Confucians thought of an a lternative leadership style where noble people would get to influence the rulers through their self cultivation.This system almost totally absolved the ruler from responsibility, since the leader had the social privilege of lording it over his subjects without being obliged to observe certain tenets of leadership. It was however incumbent upon the subject to go through the process of self improvement. What would happen if all the subjects had transformed themselves yet the leadership was not together with them? What avenues would they have to really exercise power? Daoism was one way of running away from the human responsibility to respond to change.By letting all systems go, the society would be at a greater risk of falling target to the dictates of a bad ruler, a coward or one who would sell them to the enemy during this war period, since the Daoist doctrine was all about living and letting live. After considering everything, legalism seems to be the system that would have best d efended the particular communities, and even a collection of the communities, for it is a system of action and reciprocation. The common person reacts, and then the system responds by awarding a deserving reward whether positive or negative.